Regitra — Critical and Non-Critical Errors
The examinee’s actions demonstrate their skills and abilities. During the exam, the evaluated incorrect or inappropriate actions of the examinee are classified as critical errors (hereinafter – KK), non-critical errors (hereinafter – NK) or specific recurring errors (hereinafter – SPK).
Choose a topic:
Non-critical and critical errors for categories B1 and B
A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle) categories non-critical and critical errors
BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T categories non-critical and critical errors
How many errors may be made during the practical test
NON-CRITICAL AND SPECIFIC RECURRING ERRORS (categories B1 and B):
14. Pre-driving inspection: NK – is unable to find the vehicle controls or equipment specified by the examiner; demonstrate their knowledge or ability to operate or adjust them or check their condition; or prepare to drive safely.
15. Use of control and safety devices and equipment. These NKs are recorded only after two warnings from the examiner: "Please check controls and equipment". Sufficient time must be allowed for the examinee to correct their actions after each warning:
15.1. NK – uses any device and/or equipment improperly (for example, fails to unlock the steering lock, leaves a door open, etc.);
15.2. NK – improperly adjusted or fastened seat belt;
15.3. NK – starts the engine with an inappropriate gear selected or without disengaging the clutch;
15.4. NK – unnecessarily shuts down a running engine with a key or button or tries to start the engine when it is already running.
16. Clutch control:
16.1. NK – drives unnecessarily long with the clutch not fully engaged (including manoeuvres at low speed);
16.2. NK – keeps their foot on or above the clutch pedal when the clutch is not engaged for more than fifteen seconds. This NK is recorded once;
16.3. NK – improperly controls the clutch when starting to drive (the vehicle jerks or the engine shuts off);
16.4. NK – does not properly control the clutch when switching gears or does not use it when necessary;
16.5. NK (categories A1, A2, A, B1, B and BE) – improperly controls the clutch when driving at low speed;
16.6. NK – holds down the clutch pedal when the gear is not engaged for more than three seconds, except when it is necessary to start, stop or manoeuvre at low speed;
16.7. NK – shuts down the engine unnecessarily (due to improper clutch control, improper gear, etc.);
16.8. SPK – shuts down the engine six times.
17. Accelerator control:
17.1. NK – improperly controls the accelerator pedal or handle;
17.2. NK – increases the engine speed too much when the clutch is disengaged or not fully engaged or the gear is not engaged;
17.3. NK – presses the accelerator pedal and fails to use the vehicle’s inertia before stopping at a predetermined place (at an intersection showing a prohibitory traffic-light signal, at a “Stop” sign, etc.) or in other situations.
18. Gear selection:
18.1. NK – selects a gear inappropriate to the situation, vehicle speed, technical characteristics or driving conditions, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
18.2. NK – drives with the transmission in neutral on a curve (turn or bend) or downhill;
18.3. NK – engages a gear when turning the steering wheel while driving at an intersection or bend, and/or gear shifting prevents the vehicle from moving smoothly and evenly;
18.4. NK (category B) – drives in first gear for a distance greater than two car lengths when the traffic situation and/or driving conditions do not require it;
18.5. NK (category B) – drives steadily at a speed of 30 km/h or more, in a gear lower than third, when the traffic situation and/or driving conditions do not require it;
18.6. NK (category B) – drives steadily at a speed of 50 km/h or more, in a gear lower than fourth, when the traffic situation and/or driving conditions do not require it;
18.7. NK (category B) – drives steadily at a speed of 70 km/h or more, in a gear lower than fifth, when the traffic situation and/or driving conditions do not require it;
18.11. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – uses the gears improperly with regard to reducing fuel consumption and emissions;
18.12. SPK – six recurring gear selection NK.
19. Steering wheel control:
19.1. NK – does not maintain the selected trajectory: deviates from the trajectory, turns the steering wheel jerkily;
19.2. NK – fails to pay proper attention to the position of the steered wheels when leaving the vehicle parked or starting to drive;
19.3. NK – drives at least one wheel onto the road shoulder or against the kerb or edge of the pavement, but does not mount it. This NK is not recorded if, during a special driving manoeuvre, the vehicle’s wheel safely and smoothly enters the road shoulder or touches the kerb or edge of the pavement;
19.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – turning the steering wheel in the wrong way:
19.4.1. places their hands on the steering wheel from the inside;
19.4.2. controls the steering wheel with only one hand when the other hand is free (except when driving in reverse);
19.4.3. turns the steering wheel with the palm of one hand;
19.4.4. turning the steering wheel too much when the vehicle is stationary;
19.4.5. holds the steering wheel with crossed arms or in any other way that restricts the movements of the steering wheel.
19.5. SPK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – six recurring steering-control NKs specified in paragraphs 19.1 or 19.2 of the description.
20. Braking:
20.1. NK – operates the brake pedal or handle in an inappropriate way;
20.2. NK – does not keep the vehicle in place when necessary, but quickly corrects itself and does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
20.3. NK – (all categories except A1, A2, A) locks the wheels (also during the acceleration and precise stopping manoeuvre at the specified place), but quickly corrects itself;
20.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – unnecessarily keeps their foot on the brake pedal while driving;
20.5. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – drives with the parking brake applied or not fully released;
20.6. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – brakes with the left foot;
21. Choice of position on the roadway:
21.1. NK – does not follow the traffic lane limits unnecessarily;
21.2. NK – occupies a position on the roadway that does not correspond to the traffic situation, i.e. does not take into account the traffic situation in front and does not correct the selected trajectory, does not change lanes or unnecessarily changes lanes from one traffic lane to another, etc.;
21.3. NK – fails to keep farther to the right where possible when driving on a road with one lane in each direction. This NK is recorded once while driving along a section of road (street) from one intersection to the intersection at which the turn is made;
21.4. NK – drives unnecessarily further than the first lane from the right edge of the carriageway. This NK is not evaluated if driving in the right lane requires you to change lanes frequently due to vehicles parked in it, or if you need to drive straight and only turn right from the right lane at the intersection, or there is heavy traffic in the other lane. This NK is recorded once, driving along the road section (street) from the intersection to the intersection where the turn is made;
21.5. NK – stops the vehicle in the wrong place (at an unreasonably large distance from: the "Stop" line; intersections of roadways; vehicles stopped in front; after stopping – at a distance of more than 40 cm from the roadway, road (or other) edge or marking line, etc.);
21.7. NK – chooses an irrational trajectory while performing a manoeuvre, but does not cause a potentially dangerous situation (e.g., when performing a turn, does not avoid using reverse gear when it can be avoided by choosing the right trajectory, etc.);
21.9. SPK – six recurring NKs involving the choice of position on the carriageway.
22. Position selection during maneuvering. It is assessed when the examinee performs the special manoeuvres specified in Appendix 2 of the description:
22.1. NK (category B1 and B) – after completing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle parallel to the edge of the carriageway:
22.1.1. the vehicle is not parallel to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.2. at least one wheel of the vehicle closest to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk) is further than 40 cm from the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.3. the vehicle is closer than 1 m or further than 2 m from the vehicle in front.
22.2. NK (category B1 and B) – after completing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle diagonally or perpendicularly to the edge of the carriageway, the vehicle is parked:
22.2.1. not parallel to the parked vehicle or the lines marking the parking place;
22.2.2. closer than 50 cm or further than 1 m away from the vehicle parked next to it;
22.2.3. further than 40 cm from the line or curb marking the end of the parking space.
22.3. NK (category B1 and B) – while performing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle parallel to the edge of the carriageway, in reverse, traveled more than 3 m from the vehicle standing in front (the distance between the front of the examinee's driven vehicle and the vehicle standing in front);
22.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – used the reverse gear more than twice during the special driving manoeuvres described in Annex 2 of the description. This NK is recorded only once during a special driving manoeuvre.
22.6. NK (categories B1 and B) – drove more than 1 m from the right edge of the carriageway (sidewalk) while reversing with a turn to the right;
23. Position selection when turning to the right:
23.1. NK – before the turn, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway;
23.2. NK – when turning, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway, turns too wide and completes the turn too close to the oncoming traffic lane;
24. Position selection when turning left:
24.1. NK – before the turn (turn), the vehicle is not in the traffic lane, not parallel to the markings, further than necessary from the (marked or unmarked) lines or separating lanes separating traffic flows in opposite directions;
24.2. NK – turning while being too far from the left edge of the carriageway on a one-way road;
24.3. NK – turns the front wheels to the left while waiting for a turn, except in situations where it is necessary;
24.4. NK – turns wide, drives too far to the right of the center of the road intersection, where traffic conditions do not require it;
24.5. NK (all categories, except A1, A2 and A) – when entering or exiting the intersection of carriageways, it slightly moves into the oncoming traffic lane, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation.
25. Monitoring and reconnaissance of the situation:
25.1. NK – does not look and observe the entire road in front, from the side and behind the vehicle;
25.2. NK – does not check the part of the road that cannot be seen through the rear-view mirrors when the traffic situation requires it, while turning the head over the corresponding shoulder. This NK may not be recordable if the examinee is driving a vehicle whose design does not allow checking the invisible part of the road by looking over the shoulder;
25.3. NK – does not look back before going into reverse. This NK is also assessed when the examinee drives a vehicle of category B1 or B and looks back only through the rear-view mirrors when reversing. This NK is not assessed if the reversing is repeated, following immediately after a short stop (or driving forward) when the previous reversing was looked back and the traffic situation has not changed;
25.4. NK – distracts attention from the direction of travel for longer than is necessary for control, safety and control devices, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
25.5. SPK – six or more situations in which the examinee needs to check the part of the road not visible in the rear-view mirrors but does not look over their shoulder.
26. Use of mirrors:
26.1. NK – does not look at the rear-view mirrors before slowing down, stopping the vehicle, entering a turn, changing lanes, leaving the road or entering the road, approaching any obstacle;
27. Use of warning signals:
27.1. NK – does not display a turn signal to signal their intentions when necessary, depending on the traffic situation. This NK is not evaluated when, due to certain circumstances (small distance between the nearest road to be crossed or the entrance to the territory next to the road and the place of the intended turn, etc.), it is not appropriate to do so;
27.2. NK – does not use the right turn signal before exiting the roundabout;
27.3. NK – uses a turn signal for the wrong direction. This NK is scored if the examinee turns in the opposite direction to the signal;
27.4. NK – does not turn off the turn signal within five seconds after the turn or lane change has been completed;
27.5. NK – turns off the turn signal too early, i.e. before the turn or lane change is started or finished, and no longer activates it;
27.6. NK – uses a turn signal unnecessarily and can confuse other road users;
27.7. SPK – six recurring NKs for the use of warning signals.
28. Assessment of traffic hazards:
NK – reacts inappropriately or not quickly enough to a traffic hazard.
29. Decision-making:
29.1. NK – does not properly assess the speed and distance to other vehicles when starting to drive, driving through an intersection, switching from one traffic lane to another, passing an obstacle or a slower moving vehicle, overtaking, entering the road, before starting or performing a special driving manoeuvre described in Appendix 2 of the description;
29.2. NK – stops properly, but does not decide to drive in the traffic flow when there is a safe gap;
29.3. NK – stops unnecessarily (delays) when there are no vehicles or pedestrians to interfere with, and the road is clear;
29.4. NK – unnecessarily gives way to another road user, i.e. does not properly apply the right-of-way rules.
30. Choosing a safe distance:
30.1. NK – keeps a distance of less than two seconds, but greater than one second, to the vehicle in front;
30.2. NK – maintains a distance of less than three seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front on a road with two or more lanes for driving in one direction, when the traffic situation does not require it.
30.3. NK – maintains a distance of less than four seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front in adverse traffic conditions. The examiner must assess the additional (longer) distances to be followed by drivers of vehicles of categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T;
30.4. NK – keeps too small a lateral distance to an object that may pose a danger, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
30.5. NK – stops the vehicle, leaving enough distance to the stopped vehicle in front, to be able to pass the stopped vehicle in front, if necessary, without reversing.
31. Speed selection:
31.1. NK – accelerates too quickly or too slowly, not properly taking into account the traffic conditions;
31.2. NK – drives too fast in a specific situation, but does not exceed the speed limit. This NK is recorded when the examinee is driving at a higher than appropriate speed;
31.3. NK – drives too slowly when traffic conditions do not require it, i.e. 10-15 km/h less than the permitted speed or at a speed which, due to too slow movement, separates the vehicle driven by the examinee from the traffic flow and stops it unreasonably. This NK is also evaluated when the examinee does not reach the required speed while performing the special driving manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
31.4. NK – exceeds the permitted speed by no more than 10 km/h. The error is not recorded if the exceedance lasted no more than 3 seconds.
32. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
32.1. NK – stops the vehicle so that it protrudes beyond the "Stop" line (line of the "Stop" sign);
32.2. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, does not enter the intersection of carriageways to wait for a safe space in the traffic flow, when it is appropriate to do so;
32.3. NK – insufficient understanding of traffic control signals, i.e. delays too long, although the examinee can proceed without disturbing other road users;
32.4. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, enters the intersection improperly after the first vehicle. This NK is recorded when the traffic light (regulator) signal allows the examinee to drive.
33. Consistency:
33.1. NK – selects an incorrect sequence of the vehicle control system;
CRITICAL ERRORS (CATEGORIES B1 and B):
36. Use of control and safety devices and equipment:
36.1. KK – Does not wear a seat belt when required. This KK is not evaluated on a special site when performing manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
36.2. KK – uses a mobile communication device in an unauthorized manner;
36.3. KK – uses any safety device and/or equipment improperly or fails to use it when necessary and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
37. Clutch control:
37.2. KK – shuts down the engine and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
38. Gear selection:
38.1. KK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – engages the reverse gear when driving forward, or the forward gear when driving in reverse, or the gear selector position for parking when the vehicle is in motion;
38.2. KK – selects the wrong gear and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
39. Steering (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)):
39.1. KK – does not control (keep) the steering wheel;
39.2. KK – takes both hands off the steering wheel when the vehicle is in motion. The error is not recorded if both hands are removed for a short time (second) without causing a potentially dangerous situation, for example, when moving very slowly during a manoeuvre.
40. Braking:
40.1. KK – brakes suddenly and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
40.2. KK – does not hold the vehicle in place after stopping it on an uphill or downhill slope, i.e. allows the vehicle to roll and does not correct itself quickly (creates a potentially dangerous situation);
40.3. KK (all categories except A1, A2, and A) – applies heavy pressure to the brake pedal, thereby locking the wheels of the vehicle and causing them to slide, and does not recover quickly;
40.4. KK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – applies the parking brake while driving and loses control of the vehicle;
40.8. KK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – before leaving the driver's seat to exit the vehicle or confirming that the vehicle is ready to be left parked, does not apply the parking brake (or select the appropriate automatic-transmission position) when no gear enabling the vehicle to be left safely parked is engaged.
41. Choice of position on the roadway:
41.1. KK – chooses the wrong trajectory or changes lanes at the intersection of roadways and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
41.2. KK – improperly overtakes or passes an obstacle or vehicle;
41.3. KK – stops where stopping is prohibited;
41.4. KK (all categories, except A1, A2, A) – drives in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more is unnecessarily in the oncoming traffic lane;
42. Position selection during maneuvering:
42.1. KK (category B1 and B) – after completing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle parallel to the edge of the carriageway, at least one wheel of the vehicle closest to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk) is further than 80 cm from the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
42.2. KK (category B1 and B) – after completing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle diagonally or perpendicularly to the edge of the carriageway, the vehicle driven by the examinee stands closer than 0.3 m or further than 1.5 m from the vehicle parked next to it;
42.3. KK (category B1 and B) – while performing the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle parallel to the edge of the carriageway, drove more than 5 m from the vehicle parked in front (the distance between the vehicle driven by the examinee
43. Position selection when turning to the right:
43.1. KK – turns from a lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn right from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as a choice of position on the carriageway KK;
43.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
43.3. KK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – Turns in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more protrudes unnecessarily into the oncoming lane.
44. Position selection when turning left:
44.1. KK – turns (turns) from a traffic lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn left from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as choosing a position on the carriageway KK;
44.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
44.3. KK (all categories, except A1, A2 and A) – turns in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more when entering a turn (intersection of carriageways) or exiting a turn (intersection of carriageways) unnecessarily protrudes into the oncoming traffic lane;
45. Observation and awareness of the situation:
45.1. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation before driving and/or, depending on visibility and other conditions, when driving through a railway crossing, intersection or other place where you may have to give way to vehicles approaching from the right, or when entering (exiting) the road from the areas adjacent to it;
45.2. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) before changing lanes or otherwise changing the direction of travel when the vehicle moves to the side by its width or more. This KK is not evaluated when switching to a non-starting lane if, approaching its beginning, it is clear that there are no obstacles and they will not appear until the manoeuvre is completed;
45.3. KK – diverts the gaze from the direction of travel and creates a dangerous or potentially dangerous situation, including checking the part of the road not visible through the rear-view mirrors;
45.4. KK – does not look around and observe the environment (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) next to and behind the vehicle while reversing.
46. Use of warning signals:
KK – does not show or does not show the turn signal properly and a dangerous situation is created due to misleading the other road user.
47. Decision-making:
47.1. KK – enters and stops the vehicle at a pedestrian crossing behind which there is an obstacle (congestion or similar), or at an intersection of roadways where or behind which there is an obstacle and obstructs the traffic of other vehicles, or at a railway crossing;
47.2. KK – when the yellow or red traffic light is on, does not leave the intersection, after entering it with the intention of turning left. This KK is recorded when the examinee does not use a safe space in the traffic flow to exit the intersection of carriageways;
47.3. KK – does not give way (does not pass) to vehicles or other road users, drives through a pedestrian crossing or past a school bus without making sure that there are no pedestrians to pass. This KK is not evaluated if the examinee is driving, because the examinee cannot give way due to the actions of other road users.
48. Choosing a safe distance:
48.1. KK – keeps within one second (two seconds if the road surface is wet, icy, paved with stones, etc.) or less to the vehicle in front of it;
48.2. KK – keeps too small a distance to standing vehicles, vehicles traveling in the opposite direction or moving in the same direction, pedestrians walking on the roadway, obstacles on the edge of the roadway (for example, when driving at a speed of 50 km/h, the examinee keeps a lateral distance of 0.5 m to the TP to be bypassed);
48.3. KK – keeps a lateral distance of less than 1 m when traveling at a speed not exceeding 50 km/h, or maintains a lateral distance of less than 1.5 m from the cyclist when traveling at a speed of more than 50 km/h.
49. Speed selection:
49.1. KK – exceeds the speed limit by more than 10 km/h. This KK is recorded when the speeding lasts 3 or more seconds;
49.2. KK – drives too slowly in a specific situation, i.e. at more than 15 km/h below the permitted speed, when the traffic situation does not require it. This KK is also assessed when the examinee drives too slowly during the special driving manoeuvres described in Annex 2 of the specification. This KK is not assessed if the examinee accelerates safely with the flow of traffic or if the too-slow driving lasts less than 3 seconds;
49.3. KK – increases speed while being overtaken and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
49.4. KK – drives too fast, but does not exceed the permitted speed, and creates a potentially dangerous situation, also when driving in reverse;
50. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
50.1. KK – does not comply with traffic-control signal, road sign or road-marking requirements. This KK is also evaluated if the vehicle driven by the examinee goes beyond the line marking the limits of the area designated for the special driving manoeuvre or, after completing the special driving manoeuvres described in paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 of Appendix 2 of the description, stands on (behind) the lines marking the parking place, if the parking place is marked;
50.2. KK – stops the vehicle beyond the "Stop" line or the edge of the roadway intersection at such a distance that it creates a potentially dangerous situation. This KK is also assessed if the examinee passes the line (guidelines) marking the stopping place while performing the manoeuvre of acceleration and precise stopping at the specified place;
GENERAL CRITICAL ERRORS (categories B1 and B):
54. BKK – verbal or physical intervention by the examiner in order to:
54.1. prevent a traffic accident;
54.2. prevent a dangerous situation caused by inadequate vehicle control that could threaten road safety;
54.3. assist the examinee in any part of the examination because of their inability, i.e. perform actions on their behalf where necessary to ensure road safety, or because the time needed to complete the examination is excessive.
55. BKK – collision. This is a situation when the vehicle driven by the examinee collides with (runs into) another object or (categories A1, A2, A) obstructs the object with their body. This BKK is also assessed after driving one or more wheels on the edge of the pavement (curb).
56. BKK – a dangerous situation. The examinee's actions created a dangerous situation that forced other road users (including pedestrians) to take action to avoid a collision or other danger.
57. BKK – failure to comply with mandatory instructions. The examinee does not follow the instructions of the inspecting officers (regulators).
NON-CRITICAL AND SPECIFIC RECURRING ERRORS (categories A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)):
14. Pre-driving inspection: NK – is unable to find the vehicle controls or equipment specified by the examiner; demonstrate their knowledge or ability to operate or adjust them or check their condition; or prepare to drive safely.
15. Use of control and safety devices and equipment. These NKs are recorded only after two warnings from the examiner: "Please check controls and equipment". Sufficient time must be allowed for the examinee to correct their actions after each warning:
15.1. NK – uses any device and/or equipment improperly (for example, fails to unlock the steering lock, leaves a door open, etc.);
15.2. NK – improperly adjusted or fastened seat belt;
15.3. NK – starts the engine after selecting the wrong gear or without disengaging the clutch;
15.4. NK – unnecessarily shuts down a running engine with a key or button or tries to start the engine when it is already running.
16. Clutch control:
16.1. NK – drives unnecessarily long with the clutch not fully engaged (including manoeuvres at low speed);
16.2. NK – keeps their foot on or above the clutch pedal when the clutch is not engaged for more than fifteen seconds. This NK is recorded once;
16.3. NK – improperly controls the clutch when starting to drive (the vehicle jerks or the engine shuts off);
16.4. NK – does not properly control the clutch when switching gears or does not use it when necessary;
16.5. NK (categories A1, A2, A, B1, B and BE) – improperly controls the clutch when driving at low speed;
16.6. NK – holds down the clutch pedal when the gear is not engaged for more than three seconds, except when it is necessary to start, stop or manoeuvre at low speed;
16.7. NK – shuts down the engine unnecessarily (due to improper clutch control, improper gear, etc.);
16.8. SPK – shuts down the engine six times.
17. Accelerator control:
17.1. NK – improperly controls the accelerator pedal or handle;
17.2. NK – increases the engine speed too much when the clutch is disengaged or not fully engaged or the gear is not engaged;
17.3. NK – presses the accelerator pedal and fails to use the vehicle’s inertia before stopping at a predetermined place (at an intersection showing a prohibitory traffic-light signal, at a “Stop” sign, etc.) or in other situations.
18. Gear selection:
18.1. NK – selects a gear that does not meet: the situation, vehicle speed, technical data and driving conditions, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
18.2. NK – drives with the transmission in neutral on a curve (turn or bend) or downhill;
18.3. NK – engages a gear when turning the steering wheel while driving at an intersection or bend, and/or gear shifting prevents the vehicle from moving smoothly and evenly;
18.10. NK (categories A1, A2 and A) – when performing the manoeuvre of acceleration and precise stopping in the specified place, is unable to smoothly change the gear;
18.12. SPK – six recurring gear selection NK.
19. Steering wheel control:
19.1. NK – does not maintain the selected trajectory: deviates from the trajectory, turns the steering wheel jerkily;
19.2. NK – fails to pay proper attention to the position of the steered wheels when leaving the vehicle parked or starting to drive;
19.3. NK – drives at least one wheel onto the road shoulder or against the kerb or edge of the pavement, but does not mount it. This NK is not recorded if, during a special driving manoeuvre, the vehicle’s wheel safely and smoothly enters the road shoulder or touches the kerb or edge of the pavement;
20. Braking:
20.1. NK – operates the brake pedal or handle in an inappropriate way;
20.2. NK – does not keep the vehicle in place when necessary, but quickly corrects itself and does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
20.7. NK (categories A1, A2 and A) – does not use the rear wheel brake when slowing down or stopping;
20.8. NK (categories A1, A2 and A) – blocks the rear wheel (also during acceleration and precise stopping manoeuvre at the specified place), but quickly corrects itself (locked wheel slides no more than 1 m);
20.9. NK (categories A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – does not use the brakes properly when cornering, bypassing the guide cones.
20.10. NK (categories A1, A2 and A) – brakes only with the rear wheel brake (except: when it is acceptable due to the road surface; when braking is short-term and the speed is reduced slightly; when maneuvering at low speed);
21. Choice of position on the roadway:
21.1. NK – does not follow the traffic lane limits unnecessarily;
21.2. NK – occupies a position on the roadway that does not correspond to the traffic situation, i.e. does not take into account the traffic situation in front and does not correct the selected trajectory, does not change lanes or unnecessarily changes lanes from one traffic lane to another, etc.;
21.3. NK – does not yield to the right where possible on a road with one lane in each direction of travel. This NK is recorded once, driving along the road section (street) from the intersection to the intersection where the turn is made;
21.4. NK – drives unnecessarily further than the first lane from the right edge of the carriageway. This NK is not evaluated if driving in the right lane requires you to change lanes frequently due to vehicles parked in it, or if you need to drive straight and only turn right from the right lane at the intersection, or there is heavy traffic in the other lane. This NK is recorded once, driving along the road section (street) from the intersection to the intersection where the turn is made;
21.5. NK – stops the vehicle in the wrong place (at an unreasonably large distance from: the "Stop" line; intersections of roadways; vehicles stopped in front; after stopping – at a distance of more than 40 cm from the roadway, road (or other) edge or marking line, etc.);
21.6. NK (category A1, A2, A) – drives on horizontal road markings, on a dirty part of the road (oil stains, sand, etc.) when it can be avoided;
21.7. NK – chooses an irrational trajectory while performing a manoeuvre, but does not cause a potentially dangerous situation (e.g., when performing a turn, does not avoid using reverse gear when it can be avoided by choosing the right trajectory, etc.);
21.8. NK – (category A1, A2, A) – chooses a position in the width of the carriageway that is not optimal in order to reduce the dangers associated with vehicles driving or standing in front of, behind and next to, repeated dangers and vehicles approaching crossing roads;
21.9. SPK – six recurring position selections on the carriageway NK.
22. Position selection during maneuvering. It is assessed when the examinee performs the special manoeuvres specified in Appendix 2 of the description:
22.1.1. the vehicle is not parallel to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.2. at least one wheel of the vehicle closest to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk) is further than 40 cm from the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.3. the vehicle is closer than 1 m or further than 2 m from the vehicle in front.
22.2.1. not parallel to the parked vehicle or the lines marking the parking place;
22.2.2. closer than 50 cm or further than 1 m away from the vehicle parked next to it;
22.2.3. further than 40 cm from the line or curb marking the end of the parking space.
23. Position selection when turning to the right:
23.1. NK – before the turn, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway;
23.2. NK – when turning, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway, turns too wide and completes the turn too close to the oncoming traffic lane;
24. Position selection when turning left:
24.1. NK – before the turn (turn), the vehicle is not in the traffic lane, not parallel to the markings, further than necessary from the (marked or unmarked) lines or separating lanes separating traffic flows in opposite directions;
24.2. NK – turning while being too far from the left edge of the carriageway on a one-way road;
24.3. NK – turns the front wheels to the left while waiting for a turn, except in situations where it is necessary;
24.4. NK – turns wide, drives too far to the right of the center of the road intersection, where traffic conditions do not require it;
25. Monitoring and reconnaissance of the situation:
25.1. NK – does not look and observe the entire road in front, from the side and behind the vehicle;
25.2. NK – does not check the part of the road that cannot be seen through the rear-view mirrors when the traffic situation requires it, while turning the head over the corresponding shoulder. This NK may not be recordable if the examinee is driving a vehicle whose design does not allow checking the invisible part of the road by looking over the shoulder;
25.3. NK – does not look back before going into reverse. This NK is also assessed when the examinee drives a vehicle of category B1 or B and looks back only through the rear-view mirrors when reversing. This NK is not assessed if the reversing is repeated, following immediately after a short stop (or driving forward) when the previous reversing was looked back and the traffic situation has not changed;
25.4. NK – distracts attention from the direction of travel for longer than is necessary for control, safety and control devices, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
25.5. SPK – six or more situations in which the examinee needs to check the part of the road not visible through the rear-view mirrors but does not look over their shoulder.
26. Use of mirrors:
26.1. NK – does not look at the rear-view mirrors before slowing down, stopping the vehicle, entering a turn, changing lanes, leaving the road or entering the road, approaching any obstacle;
27. Use of warning signals:
27.1. NK – does not display a turn signal to signal their intentions when necessary, depending on the traffic situation. This NK is not evaluated when, due to certain circumstances (small distance between the nearest road to be crossed or the entrance to the territory next to the road and the place of the intended turn, etc.), it is not appropriate to do so;
27.2. NK – does not use the right turn signal before exiting the roundabout;
27.3. NK – uses a turn signal for the wrong direction. This NK is scored if the examinee turns in the opposite direction to the signal;
27.4. NK – does not turn off the turn signal within five seconds after the turn or lane change has been completed;
27.5. NK – turns off the turn signal too early, i.e. before the turn or lane change is started or finished, and no longer activates it;
27.6. NK – uses a turn signal unnecessarily and can confuse other road users;
27.7. SPK – six recurring NKs for the use of warning signals.
28. Assessment of traffic hazards:
NK – reacts inappropriately or not quickly enough to a traffic hazard.
29. Decision-making:
29.1. NK – does not properly assess the speed and distance to other vehicles when starting to drive, driving through an intersection, switching from one traffic lane to another, passing an obstacle or a slower moving vehicle, overtaking, entering the road, before starting or performing a special driving manoeuvre described in Appendix 2 of the description;
29.2. NK – stops properly, but does not decide to drive in the traffic flow when there is a safe gap;
29.3. NK – stops unnecessarily (delays) when there are no vehicles or pedestrians to interfere with, and the road is clear;
29.4. NK – unnecessarily gives way to another road user, i.e. does not properly apply the right-of-way rules.
30. Choosing a safe distance:
30.1. NK – keeps a distance of less than two seconds, but greater than one second, to the vehicle in front;
30.2. NK – maintains a distance of less than three seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front on a road with two or more lanes for driving in one direction, when the traffic situation does not require it.
30.3. NK – maintains a distance of less than four seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front in adverse traffic conditions. The examiner must assess the additional (longer) distances to be followed by drivers of vehicles of categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T;
30.4. NK – keeps too small a lateral distance to an object that may pose a danger, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
30.5. NK – stops the vehicle without leaving enough distance from the vehicle stopped in front to pass it, if necessary, without reversing.
31. Speed selection:
31.1. NK – accelerates too quickly or too slowly, not properly taking into account the traffic conditions;
31.2. NK – drives too fast in a specific situation, but does not exceed the speed limit. This NK is recorded when the examinee is driving at a higher than appropriate speed;
31.3. NK – drives too slowly when traffic conditions do not require it, i.e. 10-15 km/h less than the permitted speed or at a speed which, due to too slow movement, separates the vehicle driven by the examinee from the traffic flow and stops it unreasonably. This NK is also evaluated when the examinee does not reach the required speed while performing the special driving manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
31.4. NK – exceeds the permitted speed by no more than 10 km/h. The error is not recorded if the exceedance lasted no more than 3 seconds.
32. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
32.1. NK – stops the vehicle so that it protrudes beyond the "Stop" line (line of the "Stop" sign);
32.2. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, does not enter the intersection of carriageways to wait for a safe space in the traffic flow, when it is appropriate to do so;
32.3. NK – insufficient understanding of traffic control signals, i.e. delays too long, although the examinee can proceed without disturbing other road users;
32.4. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, enters the intersection improperly after the first vehicle. This NK is recorded when the traffic light (regulator) signal allows the examinee to drive.
32.5. NK (categories A1, A2 and A) – when performing the special driving manoeuvre described in paragraph 2.6 of Appendix 2 of the description, does not stop the motorcycle in the specified place or as close as possible to it. Stopping as close as possible means no more than 1 m in front of the stop line or cone-marked stopping place.
33. Consistency:
33.1. NK – selects an incorrect sequence for operating the vehicle controls;
34. Balance and motorcycle handling (categories A1, A2 and A):
34.1. NK – does not maintain balance or control of the motorcycle and/or rests the foot on the ground while riding;
34.2. NK – does not maintain the speed of a slowly walking pedestrian while performing special driving manoeuvres at low speed;
34.3. NK – does not tilt the motorcycle in such a way as to drive safely in a turn, perform special driving manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
34.4. SPK – losing balance or control of the motorcycle more than five times.
35. Seat (A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle) CATEGORIES):
35.1. NK – rides with the toes leaning on the footrests;
35.2. NK – drives on roads without touching the fuel tank;
35.3. NK – drives with the head in the wrong position;
35.4. NK – drives while sitting (retracts) too far from the fuel tank;
35.5. NK – shifts from one side of the seat (saddle) to the other;
35.6. NK – Drives with either hand removed from the steering wheel for no good reason, but without loss of balance and control.
CRITICAL ERRORS (A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle) CATEGORIES):
36. Use of control and safety devices and equipment:
36.1. KK – Does not wear a seat belt when required. This KK is not evaluated on a special site when performing manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
36.2. KK – uses a mobile communication device in an unauthorized manner;
36.3. KK – uses any safety device and/or equipment improperly or fails to use it when necessary and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
36.4. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – rides with the supporting side leg lowered;
36.5. KK (categories A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – improper use of the clothing required for a rider (safety helmet, eye, elbow, knee and shoulder protection, gloves, shoes).
37. Clutch control:
37.1. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – lifts the front wheel due to poor clutch control or too fast acceleration;
37.2. KK – shuts down the engine and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
38. Gear selection:
38.2. KK – selects the wrong gear and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
40. Braking:
40.1. KK – brakes suddenly and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
40.2. KK – does not hold the vehicle in place after stopping it on an uphill or downhill slope, i.e. allows the vehicle to roll and does not correct itself quickly (creates a potentially dangerous situation);
40.5. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – blocks the front wheel (also during the acceleration and precise stopping manoeuvre at the specified place);
40.6. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – blocks the rear wheel (also during the acceleration and precise stop manoeuvre at the specified place) and does not recover quickly (locked wheel slides for 1 m or more);
40.7. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – continuous pressing of the brake pedal or lever (the brake signal is active for quite a long time) when the vehicle is moving. When evaluating this KK, the examiner must be sure that the error is not due to a failure of the brake signal switch. This KK is not evaluated when the examinee slowly performs the special manoeuvres of driving in a narrow lane, figure eight or snake;
41. Choice of position on the roadway:
41.1. KK – chooses the wrong trajectory or changes lanes at the intersection of roadways and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
41.2. KK – improperly overtakes or passes an obstacle or vehicle;
41.3. KK – stops where stopping is prohibited;
41.6. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – drives too close to the line separating traffic flows in opposite directions (marked or unmarked carriageway), lane line or the right or left edge of the carriageway or curb, creating a potentially dangerous situation. This KK is also assessed when any part of the rider's body is in the oncoming traffic lane.
43. Position selection when turning to the right:
43.1. KK – turns from a lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn right from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as a choice of position on the carriageway KK;
43.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
44. Position selection when turning left:
44.1. KK – turns (turns) from a traffic lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn left from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as choosing a position on the carriageway KK;
44.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
44.4. KK (categories A1, A2 and A) – when turning left, any part of the motorcycle or body protrudes into the oncoming traffic lane and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
45. Monitoring and reconnaissance of the situation:
45.1. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation before driving and/or, depending on visibility and other conditions, when driving through a railway crossing, intersection or other place where you may have to give way to vehicles approaching from the right, or when entering (exiting) the road from the areas adjacent to it;
45.2. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) before changing lanes or otherwise changing the direction of travel when the vehicle moves to the side by its width or more. This KK is not evaluated when switching to a non-starting lane if, approaching its beginning, it is clear that there are no obstacles and they will not appear until the manoeuvre is completed;
45.3. KK – diverts the gaze from the direction of travel and creates a dangerous or potentially dangerous situation, including checking the part of the road not visible through the rear-view mirrors;
45.4. KK – does not look around and observe the environment (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) next to and behind the vehicle while reversing.
46. Use of warning signals:
KK – does not show or does not show the turn signal properly and a dangerous situation is created due to misleading the other road user.
47. Decision-making:
47.1. KK – enters and stops the vehicle at a pedestrian crossing behind which there is an obstacle (congestion or similar), or at an intersection of roadways where or behind which there is an obstacle and obstructs the traffic of other vehicles, or at a railway crossing;
47.2. KK – when the yellow or red traffic light is on, does not leave the intersection, after entering it with the intention of turning left. This KK is recorded when the examinee does not use a safe space in the traffic flow to exit the intersection of carriageways;
47.3. KK – does not give way (does not pass) to vehicles or other road users, drives through a pedestrian crossing or past a school bus without making sure that there are no pedestrians to pass. This KK is not evaluated if the examinee is driving, because the examinee cannot give way due to the actions of other road users.
48. Choosing a safe distance:
48.1. KK – keeps within one second (two seconds if the road surface is wet, icy, paved with stones, etc.) or less to the vehicle in front of it;
48.2. KK – keeps too small a distance to standing vehicles, vehicles traveling in the opposite direction or moving in the same direction, pedestrians walking on the roadway, obstacles on the edge of the roadway (for example, when driving at a speed of 50 km/h, the examinee keeps a lateral distance of 0.5 m to the TP to be bypassed);
48.3. KK – keeps a lateral distance of less than 1 m when traveling at a speed not exceeding 50 km/h, or maintains a lateral distance of less than 1.5 m from the cyclist when traveling at a speed of more than 50 km/h.
49. Speed selection:
49.1. KK – exceeds the speed limit by more than 10 km/h. This KK is recorded when the speeding lasts 3 or more seconds;
49.2. KK – drives too slowly in a specific situation, i.e. at more than 15 km/h below the permitted speed, when the traffic situation does not require it. This KK is also assessed when the examinee drives too slowly during the special driving manoeuvres described in Annex 2 of the specification. This KK is not assessed if the examinee accelerates safely with the flow of traffic or if the too-slow driving lasts less than 3 seconds;
49.3. KK – increases speed when overtaking and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
49.4. KK – drives too fast, but does not exceed the permitted speed, and creates a potentially dangerous situation, also when driving in reverse;
50. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
50.1. KK – does not comply with traffic-control signal, road sign or road-marking requirements. This KK is also evaluated if the vehicle driven by the examinee goes beyond the line marking the limits of the area designated for the special driving manoeuvre or, after completing the special driving manoeuvres described in paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 of Appendix 2 of the description, stands on (behind) the lines marking the parking place, if the parking place is marked;
50.2. KK – stops the vehicle beyond the "Stop" line or the edge of the roadway intersection at such a distance that it creates a potentially dangerous situation. This KK is also assessed if the examinee passes the line (guidelines) marking the stopping place while performing the manoeuvre of acceleration and precise stopping at the specified place;
52. Balance and motorcycle handling (categories A1, A2 and A):
52.1. KK – falls from the motorcycle or lays it down;
52.2. KK – does not maintain balance or does not control the motorcycle and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
52.3. KK – unable to properly place the motorcycle on the parking legs or side support;
52.4. KK – unable to perform a special driving manoeuvre without stopping;
52.5. KK – drives outside the traffic lane marked with cones or does not follow the trajectory of bypassing the cones while performing special driving manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description.
53. Seating position (categories A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)):
53.1. KK – removes both hands from the steering wheel when the motorcycle is moving;
53.2. KK – places their feet on the footrests in a position other than that intended for operating the controls.
GENERAL CRITICAL ERRORS (A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle) CATEGORIES):
54. BKK – verbal or physical intervention of the examiner to:
54.1. a traffic accident would be avoided;
54.2. would avoid a dangerous situation due to inadequate vehicle management, which could pose a threat to traffic safety;
54.3. assist the examinee in any part of the examination due to his inability, i.e. perform actions on their behalf when it is necessary to ensure safe traffic or because of inadequate time required to complete the examination.
55. BKK – collision. This is a situation when the vehicle driven by the examinee collides with (runs into) another object or (categories A1, A2, A) obstructs the object with their body. This BKK is also assessed after driving one or more wheels on the edge of the pavement (curb).
56. BKK – a dangerous situation. The examinee's actions created a dangerous situation that forced other road users (including pedestrians) to take action to avoid a collision or other danger.
57. BKK – failure to comply with mandatory instructions. The examinee does not follow the instructions of the inspecting officers (regulators).
NON-CRITICAL AND SPECIFIC RECURRING ERRORS (categories BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T):
14. Pre-driving inspection: NK – is unable to find the vehicle controls or equipment specified by the examiner; demonstrate their knowledge or ability to operate or adjust them or check their condition; or prepare to drive safely.
15. Use of control and safety devices and equipment. These NKs are recorded only after two warnings from the examiner: "Please check controls and equipment". Sufficient time must be allowed for the examinee to correct their actions after each warning:
15.1. NK – uses any device and/or equipment improperly (for example, fails to unlock the steering lock, leaves a door open, etc.);
15.2. NK – improperly adjusted or fastened seat belt;
15.3. NK – starts the engine after selecting the wrong gear or without disengaging the clutch;
15.4. NK – unnecessarily shuts down a running engine with a key or button or tries to start the engine when it is already running.
16. Clutch control:
16.1. NK – drives unnecessarily long with the clutch not fully engaged (including manoeuvres at low speed);
16.2. NK – keeps their foot on or above the clutch pedal when the clutch is not engaged for more than fifteen seconds. This NK is recorded once;
16.3. NK – improperly controls the clutch when starting to drive (the vehicle jerks or the engine shuts off);
16.4. NK – does not properly control the clutch when switching gears or does not use it when necessary;
16.5. NK (categories A1, A2, A, B1, B and BE) – improperly controls the clutch when driving at low speed;
16.6. NK – holds down the clutch pedal when the gear is not engaged for more than three seconds, except when it is necessary to start, stop or manoeuvre at low speed;
16.7. NK – shuts down the engine unnecessarily (due to improper clutch control, improper gear, etc.);
16.8. SPK – shuts down the engine six times.
17. Accelerator control:
17.1. NK – improperly controls the accelerator pedal or handle;
17.2. NK – increases the engine speed too much when the clutch is disengaged or not fully engaged or the gear is not engaged;
17.3. NK – presses the accelerator pedal and fails to use the vehicle’s inertia before stopping at a predetermined place (at an intersection showing a prohibitory traffic-light signal, at a “Stop” sign, etc.) or in other situations.
18. Gear selection:
18.1. NK – selects a gear that does not meet: the situation, vehicle speed, technical data and driving conditions, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
18.2. NK – drives with the transmission in neutral on a curve (turn or bend) or downhill;
18.3. NK – engages a gear when turning the steering wheel while driving at an intersection or bend, and/or gear shifting prevents the vehicle from moving smoothly and evenly;
18.8. NK (categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – the act of connecting the gear is performed inaccurately – a characteristic noise, vibration occurs or a warning appears on the dashboard;
18.9. NK (categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – fails to skip a gear when changing gears;
18.11. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – uses the gears improperly with regard to reducing fuel consumption and emissions;
18.12. SPK – six recurring gear selection NK.
19. Steering wheel control:
19.1. NK – does not maintain the selected trajectory: deviates from the trajectory, turns the steering wheel jerkily;
19.2. NK – fails to pay proper attention to the position of the steered wheels when leaving the vehicle parked or starting to drive;
19.3. NK – drives at least one wheel onto the road shoulder or against the kerb or edge of the pavement, but does not mount it. This NK is not recorded if, during a special driving manoeuvre, the vehicle’s wheel safely and smoothly enters the road shoulder or touches the kerb or edge of the pavement;
19.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – turning the steering wheel in the wrong way:
19.4.1. places their hands on the steering wheel from the inside;
19.4.2. controls the steering wheel with only one hand when the other hand is free (except when driving in reverse);
19.4.3. turns the steering wheel with the palm of one hand;
19.4.4. turning the steering wheel too much when the vehicle is stationary;
19.4.5. holds the steering wheel with crossed arms or in any other way that restricts the movements of the steering wheel.
19.5. SPK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – six recurring steering-control NKs specified in paragraphs 19.1 or 19.2 of the description.
20. Braking:
20.1. NK – operates the brake pedal or handle in an inappropriate way;
20.2. NK – does not keep the vehicle in place when necessary, but quickly corrects itself and does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
20.3. NK – (all categories except A1, A2, A) locks the wheels (also during the acceleration and precise stopping manoeuvre at the specified place), but quickly corrects itself;
20.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – unnecessarily keeps their foot on the brake pedal while driving;
20.5. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – drives with the parking brake applied or not fully released;
20.6. NK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – brakes with the left foot;
21. Choice of position on the roadway:
21.1. NK – does not follow the traffic lane limits unnecessarily;
21.2. NK – occupies a position on the roadway that does not correspond to the traffic situation, i.e. does not take into account the traffic situation in front and does not correct the selected trajectory, does not change lanes or unnecessarily changes lanes from one traffic lane to another, etc.;
21.3. NK – fails to keep farther to the right where possible when driving on a road with one lane in each direction. This NK is recorded once while driving along a section of road (street) from one intersection to the intersection at which the turn is made;
21.4. NK – drives unnecessarily further than the first lane from the right edge of the carriageway. This NK is not evaluated if driving in the right lane requires you to change lanes frequently due to vehicles parked in it, or if you need to drive straight and only turn right from the right lane at the intersection, or there is heavy traffic in the other lane. This NK is recorded once, driving along the road section (street) from the intersection to the intersection where the turn is made;
21.5. NK – stops the vehicle in the wrong place (at an unreasonably large distance from: the "Stop" line; intersections of roadways; vehicles stopped in front; after stopping – at a distance of more than 40 cm from the roadway, road (or other) edge or marking line, etc.);
21.7. NK – chooses an irrational trajectory while performing a manoeuvre, but does not cause a potentially dangerous situation (e.g., when performing a turn, does not avoid using reverse gear when it can be avoided by choosing the right trajectory, etc.);
21.9. SPK – six recurring NKs involving the choice of position on the carriageway.
22. Position selection during maneuvering. It is assessed when the examinee performs the special manoeuvres specified in Appendix 2 of the description:
22.1.1. the vehicle is not parallel to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.2. at least one wheel of the vehicle closest to the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk) is further than 40 cm from the edge of the carriageway (sidewalk);
22.1.3. the vehicle is closer than 1 m or further than 2 m from the vehicle in front.
22.2.1. not parallel to the parked vehicle or the lines marking the parking place;
22.2.2. closer than 50 cm or further than 1 m away from the vehicle parked next to it;
22.2.3. further than 40 cm from the line or curb marking the end of the parking space.
22.4. NK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – used the reverse gear more than twice during the special driving manoeuvres described in Annex 2 of the description. This NK is recorded only once during a special driving manoeuvre.
22.5. NK (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE) – stopped after traveling a distance corresponding to less than five lengths of the vehicle combination, performing the special driving manoeuvre described in paragraph 9.1 of Appendix 2 of the description;
22.7. SPK (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE) – stopped six or more times after driving a distance corresponding to less than five lengths of the vehicle combination, performing the special driving manoeuvre described in paragraph 9.1 of Appendix 2 of the description;
22.8. NK (categories D1, D, and T) – after the manoeuvre of parking the vehicle sideways to the platform, at least one passenger boarding or disembarking door is further than 30 cm from the edge of the platform.
23. Position selection when turning to the right:
23.1. NK – before the turn, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway;
23.2. NK – when turning, the vehicle is too far from the right edge of the carriageway, turns too wide and completes the turn too close to the oncoming traffic lane;
23.3. NK (categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – unnecessarily entering the oncoming traffic lane with any part of the vehicle when completing a right turn.
24. Position selection when turning left:
24.1. NK – before the turn (turn), the vehicle is not in the traffic lane, not parallel to the markings, further than necessary from the (marked or unmarked) lines or separating lanes separating traffic flows in opposite directions;
24.2. NK – turning while being too far from the left edge of the carriageway on a one-way road;
24.3. NK – turns the front wheels to the left while waiting for a turn, except in situations where it is necessary;
24.4. NK – turns wide, drives too far to the right of the center of the road intersection, where traffic conditions do not require it;
24.5. NK (all categories, except A1, A2 and A) – when entering or exiting the intersection of carriageways, it slightly moves into the oncoming traffic lane, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation.
25. Monitoring and reconnaissance of the situation:
25.1. NK – does not look and observe the entire road in front, from the side and behind the vehicle;
25.2. NK – does not check the part of the road that cannot be seen through the rear-view mirrors when the traffic situation requires it, while turning the head over the corresponding shoulder. This NK may not be recordable if the examinee is driving a vehicle whose design does not allow checking the invisible part of the road by looking over the shoulder;
25.3. NK – does not look back before going into reverse. This NK is also assessed when the examinee drives a vehicle of category B1 or B and looks back only through the rear-view mirrors when reversing. This NK is not assessed if the reversing is repeated, following immediately after a short stop (or driving forward) when the previous reversing was looked back and the traffic situation has not changed;
25.4. NK – distracts attention from the direction of travel for longer than is necessary for control, safety and control devices, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
25.5. SPK – six or more situations in which the examinee needs to check the part of the road not visible through the rear-view mirrors but does not look over their shoulder.
26. Use of mirrors:
26.1. NK – does not look at the rear-view mirrors before slowing down, stopping the vehicle, entering a turn, changing lanes, leaving the road or entering the road, approaching any obstacle;
26.2. NK (categories BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – does not use the external rear-view mirrors during the reversing manoeuvre, i.e. only looking through the window.
27. Use of warning signals:
27.1. NK – does not display a turn signal to signal their intentions when necessary, depending on the traffic situation. This NK is not evaluated when, due to certain circumstances (small distance between the nearest road to be crossed or the entrance to the territory next to the road and the place of the intended turn, etc.), it is not appropriate to do so;
27.2. NK – does not use the right turn signal before exiting the roundabout;
27.3. NK – uses a turn signal for the wrong direction. This NK is scored if the examinee turns in the opposite direction to the signal;
27.4. NK – does not turn off the turn signal within five seconds after the turn or lane change has been completed;
27.5. NK – turns off the turn signal too early, i.e. before the turn or lane change is started or finished, and no longer activates it;
27.6. NK – uses a turn signal unnecessarily and can confuse other road users;
27.7. SPK – six recurring NKs for the use of warning signals.
28. Assessment of traffic hazards:
NK – reacts inappropriately or not quickly enough to a traffic hazard.
29. Decision-making:
29.1. NK – does not properly assess the speed and distance to other vehicles when starting to drive, driving through an intersection, switching from one traffic lane to another, passing an obstacle or a slower moving vehicle, overtaking, entering the road, before starting or performing a special driving manoeuvre described in Appendix 2 of the description;
29.2. NK – stops properly, but does not decide to drive in the traffic flow when there is a safe gap;
29.3. NK – stops unnecessarily (delays) when there are no vehicles or pedestrians to interfere with, and the road is clear;
29.4. NK – unnecessarily gives way to another road user, i.e. does not properly apply the right-of-way rules.
30. Choosing a safe distance:
30.1. NK – keeps a distance of less than two seconds, but greater than one second, to the vehicle in front;
30.2. NK – maintains a distance of less than three seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front on a road with two or more lanes for driving in one direction, when the traffic situation does not require it.
30.3. NK – maintains a distance of less than four seconds, but greater than two seconds, to the vehicle in front in adverse traffic conditions. The examiner must assess the additional (longer) distances to be followed by drivers of vehicles of categories C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T;
30.4. NK – keeps too small a lateral distance to an object that may pose a danger, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
30.5. NK – stops the vehicle without leaving enough distance from the vehicle stopped in front to pass it, if necessary, without reversing.
31. Speed selection:
31.1. NK – accelerates too quickly or too slowly, not properly taking into account the traffic conditions;
31.2. NK – drives too fast in a specific situation, but does not exceed the speed limit. This NK is recorded when the examinee is driving at a higher than appropriate speed;
31.3. NK – drives too slowly when traffic conditions do not require it, i.e. 10-15 km/h less than the permitted speed or at a speed which, due to too slow movement, separates the vehicle driven by the examinee from the traffic flow and stops it unreasonably. This NK is also evaluated when the examinee does not reach the required speed while performing the special driving manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
31.4. NK – exceeds the permitted speed by no more than 10 km/h. The error is not recorded if the exceedance lasted no more than 3 seconds.
32. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
32.1. NK – stops the vehicle so that it protrudes beyond the "Stop" line (line of the "Stop" sign);
32.2. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, does not enter the intersection of carriageways to wait for a safe space in the traffic flow, when it is appropriate to do so;
32.3. NK – insufficient understanding of traffic control signals, i.e. delays too long, although the examinee can proceed without disturbing other road users;
32.4. NK – intending to turn left at the intersection, enters the intersection improperly after the first vehicle. This NK is recorded when the traffic light (regulator) signal allows the examinee to drive.
33. Consistency:
33.1. NK – selects an incorrect sequence for operating the vehicle controls;
33.2. NK (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE) – improperly opens the mouth of the hook or pin lock of the coupling device when preparing to unhitch or hitch the trailer;
33.3. NK (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE) – unsafely retracts the trailer supports, but does not create a potentially dangerous situation;
33.4. NK (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE) – does not check that all trailer lights are working when trailer is hitched.
CRITICAL ERRORS (CATEGORIES BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T):
36. Use of control and safety devices and equipment:
36.1. KK – Does not wear a seat belt when required. This KK is not evaluated on a special site when performing manoeuvres described in Appendix 2 of the description;
36.2. KK – uses a mobile communication device in an unauthorized manner;
36.3. KK – uses any safety device and/or equipment improperly or fails to use it when necessary and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
37. Clutch control:
37.2. KK – shuts down the engine and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
38. Gear selection:
38.1. KK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – engages the reverse gear when driving forward, or the forward gear when driving in reverse, or the gear selector position for parking when the vehicle is in motion;
38.2. KK – selects the wrong gear and creates a potentially dangerous situation.
39. Steering (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)):
39.1. KK – does not control (keep) the steering wheel;
39.2. KK – takes both hands off the steering wheel when the vehicle is in motion. The error is not recorded if both hands are removed for a short time (second) without causing a potentially dangerous situation, for example, when moving very slowly during a manoeuvre.
40. Braking:
40.1. KK – brakes suddenly and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
40.2. KK – does not hold the vehicle in place after stopping it on an uphill or downhill slope, i.e. allows the vehicle to roll and does not correct itself quickly (creates a potentially dangerous situation);
40.3. KK (all categories except A1, A2, and A) – applies heavy pressure to the brake pedal, thereby locking the wheels of the vehicle and causing them to slide, and does not recover quickly;
40.4. KK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – applies the parking brake while driving and loses control of the vehicle;
40.8. KK (all categories except A1, A2, A and B1 (driven as a motorcycle)) – before leaving the driver's seat to exit the vehicle or confirming that the vehicle is ready to be left parked, does not apply the parking brake (or select the appropriate automatic-transmission position) when no gear enabling the vehicle to be left safely parked is engaged.
41. Choice of position on the roadway:
41.1. KK – chooses the wrong trajectory or changes lanes at the intersection of roadways and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
41.2. KK – improperly overtakes or passes an obstacle or vehicle;
41.3. KK – stops where stopping is prohibited;
41.4. KK (all categories, except A1, A2, A) – drives in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more is unnecessarily in the oncoming traffic lane;
41.5. KK (categories C1, C, C1E and CE) – drives further from the edge of the carriageway than in the second traffic lane, except when it is necessary to turn left, turn around, pass an obstacle, stop (stand) on a one-way traffic road;
42. Position selection during maneuvering:
42.4. KK (categories BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – while performing the special driving manoeuvres specified in point 5 and point 9.2 of Appendix 2 of the description, failed to perform the special driving manoeuvre after turning on the reverse gear three times;
42.5. KK (categories BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E and DE) – after completing the special driving manoeuvre of parking at the ramp (or otherwise marked manoeuvre limit), the vehicle stops more than 1 m in front of the ramp simulator (manoeuvre end limit);
42.6. KK (categories D1, D, and T) – after the manoeuvre of side parking the vehicle at the platform, at least one passenger boarding or disembarking door is further than 50 cm from the edge of the platform (sidewalk).
43. Position selection when turning to the right:
43.1. KK – turns from a lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn right from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as a choice of position on the carriageway KK;
43.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
43.3. KK (all categories except A1, A2 and A) – Turns in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more protrudes unnecessarily into the oncoming lane.
44. Position selection when turning left:
44.1. KK – turns (turns) from a traffic lane not designated for this purpose. If the examinee intends to turn left from the deceleration lane and does not switch to it in advance, it is considered as choosing a position on the carriageway KK;
44.2. KK – takes an inappropriate position and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
44.3. KK (all categories, except A1, A2 and A) – turns in such a way that a third of the vehicle or more when entering a turn (intersection of carriageways) or exiting a turn (intersection of carriageways) unnecessarily protrudes into the oncoming traffic lane;
45. Monitoring and reconnaissance of the situation:
45.1. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation before driving and/or, depending on visibility and other conditions, when driving through a railway crossing, intersection or other place where you may have to give way to vehicles approaching from the right, or when entering (exiting) the road from the areas adjacent to it;
45.2. KK – does not look around and observe the traffic situation (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) before changing lanes or otherwise changing the direction of travel when the vehicle moves to the side by its width or more. This KK is not evaluated when switching to a non-starting lane if, approaching its beginning, it is clear that there are no obstacles and they will not appear until the manoeuvre is completed;
45.3. KK – diverts the gaze from the direction of travel and creates a dangerous or potentially dangerous situation, including checking the part of the road not visible through the rear-view mirrors;
45.4. KK – does not look around and observe the environment (neither through the mirrors nor over the shoulder) next to and behind the vehicle while reversing.
46. Use of warning signals:
KK – does not show or does not show the turn signal properly and a dangerous situation is created due to misleading the other road user.
47. Decision-making:
47.1. KK – enters and stops the vehicle at a pedestrian crossing behind which there is an obstacle (congestion or similar), or at an intersection of roadways where or behind which there is an obstacle and obstructs the traffic of other vehicles, or at a railway crossing;
47.2. KK – when the yellow or red traffic light is on, does not leave the intersection, after entering it with the intention of turning left. This KK is recorded when the examinee does not use a safe space in the traffic flow to exit the intersection of carriageways;
47.3. KK – does not give way (does not pass) to vehicles or other road users, drives through a pedestrian crossing or past a school bus without making sure that there are no pedestrians to pass. This KK is not evaluated if the examinee is driving, because the examinee cannot give way due to the actions of other road users.
48. Choosing a safe distance:
48.1. KK – keeps within one second (two seconds if the road surface is wet, icy, paved with stones, etc.) or less to the vehicle in front of it;
48.2. KK – keeps too small a distance to standing vehicles, vehicles traveling in the opposite direction or moving in the same direction, pedestrians walking on the roadway, obstacles on the edge of the roadway (for example, when driving at a speed of 50 km/h, the examinee keeps a lateral distance of 0.5 m to the TP to be bypassed);
48.3. KK – keeps a lateral distance of less than 1 m when traveling at a speed not exceeding 50 km/h, or maintains a lateral distance of less than 1.5 m from the cyclist when traveling at a speed of more than 50 km/h.
49. Speed selection:
49.1. KK – exceeds the speed limit by more than 10 km/h. This KK is recorded when the speeding lasts 3 or more seconds;
49.2. KK – drives too slowly in a specific situation, i.e. at more than 15 km/h below the permitted speed, when the traffic situation does not require it. This KK is also assessed when the examinee drives too slowly during the special driving manoeuvres described in Annex 2 of the specification. This KK is not assessed if the examinee accelerates safely with the flow of traffic or if the too-slow driving lasts less than 3 seconds;
49.3. KK – increases speed when overtaking and creates a potentially dangerous situation;
49.4. KK – drives too fast, but does not exceed the permitted speed, and creates a potentially dangerous situation, also when driving in reverse;
50. Execution of traffic-control signals, road signs and road-marking requirements:
50.1. KK – does not comply with traffic-control signal, road sign or road-marking requirements. This KK is also evaluated if the vehicle driven by the examinee goes beyond the line marking the limits of the area designated for the special driving manoeuvre or, after completing the special driving manoeuvres described in paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 of Appendix 2 of the description, stands on (behind) the lines marking the parking place, if the parking place is marked;
50.2. KK – stops the vehicle beyond the "Stop" line or the edge of the roadway intersection at such a distance that it creates a potentially dangerous situation. This KK is also assessed if the examinee passes the line (guidelines) marking the stopping place while performing the manoeuvre of acceleration and precise stopping at the specified place;
51. Consistency (categories BE, C1E, CE, D1E and DE):
51.1. KK – unable to unhook or hitch a trailer;
51.2. KK – misses part of the actions, thus creating a potentially dangerous situation:
51.2.1. does not use the parking brake;
51.2.2. does not perform the coupling check manoeuvre;
51.2.3. does not raise or lower the supports or lock the lifting handle;
51.2.4. fails to ensure that the mouth of the hook or spike lock of the coupling device is closed or opened when required;
51.2.5. does not use wheel chocks when necessary;
51.2.6. does not disconnect or close or connect hoses or cables;
51.2.7. (categories C1E, CE, D1E and DE) does not check that the air pressure in the system has reached the correct level before driving.
GENERAL CRITICAL ERRORS (CATEGORIES BE, C1, C, C1E, CE, D1, D, D1E, DE and T):
54. BKK – verbal or physical intervention by the examiner in order to:
54.1. prevent a traffic accident;
54.2. prevent a dangerous situation caused by inadequate vehicle control that could threaten road safety;
54.3. assist the examinee in any part of the examination because of their inability, i.e. perform actions on their behalf where necessary to ensure road safety, or because the time needed to complete the examination is excessive.
55. BKK – collision. This is a situation when the vehicle driven by the examinee collides with (runs into) another object or (categories A1, A2, A) obstructs the object with their body. This BKK is also assessed after driving one or more wheels on the edge of the pavement (curb).
56. BKK – a dangerous situation. The examinee's actions created a dangerous situation that forced other road users (including pedestrians) to take action to avoid a collision or other danger.
57. BKK – failure to comply with mandatory instructions. The examinee does not follow the instructions of the inspecting officers (regulators).
How many mistakes can be made in the practical exam?
To pass the test, no more than 8 non-critical errors and no critical or specific recurring errors may be made.